Sleep hygiene Survey 3/11/2021

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

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library(tidyverse)

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library(arsenal)
library(data.table)

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library(expss)

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sleephygiene <- read_csv("/Users/Ivanics/Desktop/SPH/3rd term/Health Communication Programs I/Stats/Sleep Hygiene Survey_March 11, 2021_13.57.csv")

## Warning: Duplicated column names deduplicated: 'Q37' => 'Q37_1' [64]

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sleephygiene$StartDate <- lubridate::ymd_hms(sleephygiene$StartDate)

## Warning: 2 failed to parse.

#Filter to include only responses beyond this time
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% filter(StartDate >= "2021-03-09 18:00:00")

#Select out the variables we need
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% select(Progress, `Duration (in seconds)`, Finished, LocationLatitude, LocationLongitude, DistributionChannel, UserLanguage, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q2_5_TEXT, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q7, Q8, Q8_3_TEXT, Q10, Q11, Q9, Q13, Q13, Q14_10, Q14_11, Q15, Q16_4, Q16_5, Q49, Q42, Q42_10_TEXT, Q19, Q17_NPS_GROUP, Q17, Q36, Q36_6_TEXT, Q18, Q20, Q9, Q13, Q14_10, Q14_11, Q15, Q16_4, Q16_5, Q49, Q42, Q42_10_TEXT, Q19, Q12_1, Q17_NPS_GROUP, Q17, Q36, Q36_6_TEXT, Q18, Q20, Q44_1, Q44_2, Q44_3, Q44_4, Q44_5, Q44_6, Q44_7, Q44_8, Q44_9, Q59_1, Q59_2, Q59_2, Q59_3, Q59_4, Q37_1, Q33, Q50_1, Q50_2, Q50_3, Q50_4, Q50_5, Q50_6, Q50_7, Q53_1, Q53_2, Q53_3, Q53_4, Q53_5, Q48, Q48_5_TEXT, Q52, `Q5 - Topics`, `Q5 - Parent Topics`)

sleephygiene <- rowid_to_column(sleephygiene, "ID")

#Variable 14
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- sub(":.*", "", sleephygiene$Q14_10)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)==3, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)==4, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours, "^\\d{2}")), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q14_10, "(?<=:)[0-9]*")
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- ifelse(is.na(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes) & !is.na(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours), "00", sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes <- ifelse(grepl("[0-9]+", sleephygiene$Q14_11), sleephygiene$Q14_11, sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_minutes) 
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- ifelse(grepl("[pP][mM]", sleephygiene$Q14_11), sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours+12, sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)
sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours <- as.character(sleephygiene$Q14_10_new_hours)

#Variable 16
#Put in a semicolon
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- sub(":.*", "", sleephygiene$Q16_4)
#If the length of the string is 3 extract the first digit
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)==3, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours, "^\\d{1}")), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
#if the length of the string is 4 extract the second digit
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)==4, (str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours, "^\\d{2}")), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
#if theres a number in the q16_5 variable put it in minutes
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q16_5, "(?<=:)[0-9]*")
#if the q16_4 minute variable has missing values replace them with 00
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- ifelse(is.na(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes) & !is.na(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours), "00", sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes)
#If there is a number in q16_5 put that in minutes
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- ifelse(grepl("[0-9]+", sleephygiene$Q16_5), sleephygiene$Q16_5, sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes) 
#if there is a ncar length of 5 in q16_4 (suggesting a format like 16:00) take the 4 and 5 digits and put that in minutes
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes <- ifelse(nchar(sleephygiene$Q16_4)==5, substr(sleephygiene$Q16_4, 4, 5), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_minutes)
#make the hour variable a numeric
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
#if there is a pm add 12 hours in q16_5 to the hours
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse(grepl("[pP]", sleephygiene$Q16_5), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours+12, sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
#if there is a 12 in q16_4 and am has been noted also add 12 hours
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- ifelse((grepl("[12]", sleephygiene$Q16_4) & grepl("[aA][mM]", sleephygiene$Q16_5)), sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours+12, sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)
#Make the hours a character now in preparation to convert to posixct 
sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours <- as.character(sleephygiene$Q16_4_new_hours)

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% mutate(Q16_4_new_hours = case_when(
  Q16_4_new_hours == "24" ~ "00",
  Q16_4_new_hours == "13" & grepl("[aA]", Q16_5) ~ "01",
  Q16_4_new_hours == "7" ~ "07",
  TRUE ~ Q16_4_new_hours
))

#Create a sleeptime and wakeup variable
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q14_wakeuptime = 
           case_when(!is.na(Q14_10_new_hours) ~ paste0(Q14_10_new_hours,":",Q14_10_new_minutes),
                     TRUE ~ NA_character_)) %>%
  mutate(Q16_sleeptime =
           case_when(!is.na(Q16_4_new_hours) ~ paste0(Q16_4_new_hours,":",Q16_4_new_minutes),
                     TRUE ~ NA_character_))

sleephygiene$Q14_wakeuptime <- as.POSIXct(sleephygiene$Q14_wakeuptime, format="%H:%M")
#sleephygiene$Q16_sleeptime <- as.POSIXct(sleephygiene$Q16_sleeptime, format="%H:%M")

#sleephygiene %>% select(Q14_10_new_hours, Q14_10_new_minutes, Q14_11, Q14_wakeuptime, Q14_10) %>% View()

#General factor recoding
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% mutate(
  Q1_consent = factor(Q1)) %>%
  mutate(Q2_program = factor(Q2)) %>%
  mutate(Q3_role = factor(Q3)) %>%
  mutate(Q4_gender = factor(Q4)) %>%
  mutate(Q5_age = as.numeric(Q5)) %>%
  mutate(Q6_numberinhousehold = as.numeric(Q6)) %>%
  mutate(Q37_employed = factor(Q37)) %>%
  mutate(Q38_wfh = factor(Q38)) %>%
  mutate(Q39_dayornight = factor(Q39)) %>%
  mutate(Q7_children = factor(Q7)) %>%
  mutate(Q8_diagnosis = factor(Q8)) %>%
  mutate(Q10_workdayhoursofsleep = as.numeric(Q10)) %>%
  mutate(Q11_weekendhoursofsleep = as.numeric(Q11)) %>%
  mutate(Q9_howoftensleepy = factor(Q9)) %>%
  mutate(Q13_consistentwakeup = factor(Q13)) %>%
  mutate(Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays = factor(Q15)) %>%
  mutate(Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid = factor(Q49)) %>%
  mutate(Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness = factor(Q18)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep = factor(Q44_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome = factor(Q44_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine = factor(Q44_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance = factor(Q44_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy = factor(Q44_5)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep = factor(Q44_6)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep = factor(Q44_7)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep = factor(Q44_8)) %>%
  mutate(Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality = factor(Q44_9)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits = factor(Q59_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep = factor(Q59_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly = factor(Q59_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed = factor(Q59_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep = factor(Q37_1))

## Warning in mask$eval_all_mutate(quo): NAs introduced by coercion

#Q19
sleephygiene$Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q19, '\\d+')

#Q12
sleephygiene$Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q12_1)

#Q17
sleephygiene$Q17_stressedaboutschool <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q17) 

#Q33
#Come back to this one because some are given as a range
sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep <- str_extract(sleephygiene$Q33, '\\d+')
sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep <- as.numeric(sleephygiene$Q33_whatisthrecommendednumbersofhoursofsleep)

#Q50
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites = as.numeric(Q50_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_2_attractivness = as.numeric(Q50_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_3_productivity = as.numeric(Q50_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals = as.numeric(Q50_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing = as.numeric(Q50_5)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships = as.numeric(Q50_6)) %>%
  mutate(Q50_7_caringforchildren = as.numeric(Q50_7))

#Q53
sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>% 
  mutate(Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning = as.numeric(Q53_1)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday = as.numeric(Q53_2)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep = as.numeric(Q53_3)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_4_notusescreens = as.numeric(Q53_4)) %>%
  mutate(Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast = as.numeric(Q53_5))

#Q42
resp.split_42 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q42, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_42))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_42, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(bedtimeroutine = case_when(
    Washing.my.face == 1 ~ "Washing my face",
    Brushing.teeth == 1 ~ "Brushing teeth",
    Showering == 1 ~ "Showering",
    Reading == 1 ~ "Reading",
    Journaling == 1 ~ "Journaling",
    Meditating == 1 ~ "Meditating",
    Watching.TV == 1 ~ "Watching TV",
    Phone.Usage == 1 ~ "Phone usage",
    Listening.to.Music == 1 ~ "Listening to music",
    Other == 1 ~ "Other"))

#Q36
resp.split_36 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q36, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_36))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_36, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(cantsleepfeeling = case_when(
    Guilty == 1 ~ "Guilty",
    Angry == 1 ~ "Angry",
    Frustrated == 1 ~ "Frustrated",
    Sad == 1 ~ "Sad",
    Stressed == 1 ~ "Stressed",
    None.of.the.above == 1 ~ "None of the above",
    Other.1 == 1 ~ "Other"))

#Q20
resp.split_20 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q20, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_20))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_20, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(behaviors = case_when(
    Cigarette.Smoking == 1 ~ "Cigarette smoking",
    Alcohol.Consumption == 1 ~ "Alcohol Consumption",
    Exercise == 1 ~ "Exercise",
    Social.Media.Use == 1 ~ "Social Media Use",
    Daytime.Napping == 1 ~ "Daytime napping",
    Drinking.Caffeinated.beverages == 1 ~ "Drinking Caffeinated beverages",
    Using.Sleep.Aids..ex..melatonin == 1 ~ "Using Sleep Aids ex. melatonin"))

#48
resp.split_48 <- strsplit(sleephygiene$Q48, ",")
lev <- unique(unlist(resp.split_48))
sleephygiene<- with(sleephygiene, data.frame(sleephygiene, t(sapply(resp.split_48, function(x) table(factor(x, levels=lev))))))

sleephygiene <- sleephygiene %>%
    mutate(information = case_when(
    Health.care.professional == 1 ~ "Health care professional",
    Social.media == 1 ~ "Social media",
    Other.online.source == 1 ~ "Other online source",
    News.sources == 1 ~ "News sources",
    Friends == 1 ~ "Friends",
    University.wellbeing.resources..Office.of.Wellness.and.Health.Promotion == 1 ~ "University wellbeing resources"))

Plots for wakeup and sleep times

library(plotly)

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wakeup <- ggplot(data=sleephygiene, aes(y=Q14_wakeuptime,x=ID)) + 
  geom_point(size=4, color="darkblue") +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) +
  labs(title="Wake up times of participants", x="Unique participant", y="Wake up time")
  #+
  #xlim(as.POSIXct(c("2021-03-10 05:00:00", "2021-03-10 12:00:00")))
ggplotly(wakeup)

#Plot for sleeptime
sleeptime <- ggplot(data=sleephygiene, aes(y=Q16_sleeptime,x=ID)) + 
   geom_point(size=4, color="darkred") +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)) +
  labs(title="Sleep times of participants", x="Unique participant", y="Sleep time")
ggplotly(sleeptime)

#Tab 1
sleephygiene$Q9_howoftensleepy <- factor(sleephygiene$Q9_howoftensleepy, levels = c("Rarely", "Sometimes", "Very often", "Always"))
sleephygiene$Q13_consistentwakeup <- factor(sleephygiene$Q13_consistentwakeup, levels = c("Rarely", "Sometimes", "Very often", "Always"))
sleephygiene$Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen <- factor(sleephygiene$Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen, levels = c("0", "1" , "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17"))
sleephygiene$Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness <- factor(sleephygiene$Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness, levels = c("Rarely", "Sometimes", "Very often", "Always"))
sleephygiene$Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality <- factor(sleephygiene$Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality, levels = c("Strongly disagree", "Somewhat disagree", "Neither agree nor disagree", "Somewhat agree", "Strongly agree"))
sleephygiene$Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits <- factor(sleephygiene$Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits, levels = c("Not at all confident", "Slightly confident", "Somewhat confident", "Pretty confident", "Extremely confident"))
sleephygiene$Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep <- factor(sleephygiene$Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep, levels = c("Not at all confident", "Slightly confident", "Somewhat confident", "Pretty confident", "Extremely confident"))
sleephygiene$Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly <- factor(sleephygiene$Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly, levels = c("Not at all confident", "Slightly confident", "Somewhat confident", "Pretty confident", "Extremely confident"))
sleephygiene$Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed <- factor(sleephygiene$Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed, levels = c("Not at all confident", "Slightly confident", "Somewhat confident", "Pretty confident", "Extremely confident"))

library(expss)
sleephygiene = apply_labels(sleephygiene,
                      Q3_role = "What is your role at Bloomberg",
                      Q4_gender = "What gender do you identify as?",
                      Q5_age = "How old are you?",
                      Q6_numberinhousehold = "How many people live in your household, including yourself?",
                      Q37_employed = "Are you currently employed outside of your education program?",
                      Q8_diagnosis = "Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?",
                      Q10_workdayhoursofsleep = "During the past 5 workdays, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?",
                      Q11_weekendhoursofsleep = "During the past weekend, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average? ",
                      Q13_consistentwakeup = "Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?",
                      Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays = "Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?",
                      Q9_howoftensleepy = "How often do you feel sleepy during the day?",
                      Q2_program = "What is your current program at Bloomberg?",
                      Q38_wfh = "Do you work from home?",
                      Q39_dayornight = "Do you work day or night shifts?",
                      Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid = "Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic? ",
                      bedtimeroutine = "My bedtime routine includes:",
                      Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen = "How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)",
                      Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen = "In the past week, how many nights did you use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) within 1 hour before bed?",
                      Q17_stressedaboutschool = "How stressed do you currently feel about school?",
                      cantsleepfeeling = "When you can't sleep do you feel",
                      Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness = "How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,)",
                      behaviors = "Which of the following behaviors do you participate in? ",
                      Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep = "The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.",
                      Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome = "Getting a good night's sleep is important to me.",
                      Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine = "Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.",
                      Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance = "Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.",
                      Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy = "Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.",
                      Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep = "I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.",
                      Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep = "I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.",
                      Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep = "I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.",
                      Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality = "I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.", 
                      Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.",
                      Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.",
                      Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly = "I can work out regularly.",
                      Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed = "I can meditate before bed.",
                      Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep = "What do you consider a good night's sleep?",
                      Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites = "Energy for daily activities", 
                      Q50_2_attractivness = "Attractiveness (to self & others)",
                      Q50_3_productivity = "Productivity at work/school",
                      Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals = "Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)",
                      Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing = "Mental and emotional wellbeing",
                      Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships = "Fostering/maintaining relationships",
                      Q50_7_caringforchildren = "Caring for children",
                      Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning = "Get outside for 10 minutes in the morning." ,
                      Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday = "Exercise during the day.",
                      Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep = "Do a breathing exercise before you sleep.",
                      Q53_4_notusescreens = "Not use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) for 1 hour before bed",
                      Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast = "Listen to a calming audiobook or podcast before bed",
                      information = "Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene?"
)

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q3_role + 
                  Q4_gender +
                  Q5_age +
                  Q6_numberinhousehold +
                  Q37_employed +
                  Q8_diagnosis +
                  Q10_workdayhoursofsleep +
                  Q11_weekendhoursofsleep +
                  Q9_howoftensleepy,
                data=sleephygiene, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=51)
What is your role at Bloomberg
N-Miss	1
Faculty/Staff Member	1 (2.0%)
Full-time student	48 (96.0%)
Part-time student	1 (2.0%)
What gender do you identify as?
N-Miss	1
Female	42 (84.0%)
Male	6 (12.0%)
Non-binary / third gender	2 (4.0%)
How old are you?
Median (Q1, Q3)	27.00 (24.00, 30.00)
How many people live in your household, including yourself?
Median (Q1, Q3)	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)
Are you currently employed outside of your education program?
N-Miss	1
No	35 (70.0%)
Yes	15 (30.0%)
Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?
N-Miss	1
Insomnia	1 (2.0%)
No	48 (96.0%)
Sleep Apnea	1 (2.0%)
During the past 5 workdays, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)
During the past weekend, how many hours of sleep did you get per night on average?
Median (Q1, Q3)	8.00 (7.00, 9.00)
How often do you feel sleepy during the day?
N-Miss	13
Rarely	9 (23.7%)
Sometimes	28 (73.7%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)
Always	1 (2.6%)

#If student
student <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q3_role != "Faculty/Staff Member")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q2_program,
                data=student, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=49)
What is your current program at Bloomberg?
Doctoral Student	19 (38.8%)
Masters Student	28 (57.1%)
Post doctoral student	2 (4.1%)

#If employed 
employed <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q38_wfh,
                data=employed, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=15)
Do you work from home?
No	3 (20.0%)
Yes	12 (80.0%)

#If wfh
notworkfromhome <- sleephygiene %>% filter(Q37_employed == "Yes" & Q38_wfh == "No")

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q39_dayornight,
                data=notworkfromhome, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 1. Baseline information', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 1. Baseline information

	Overall (N=3)
Do you work day or night shifts?
Day shift	2 (66.7%)
Night shift	1 (33.3%)

tab1 <- tableby(~ Q13_consistentwakeup + 
                  Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays +
                  Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid +
                  bedtimeroutine +
                  Q19_howmanyhourssdidyouuseascreen +
                  Q12_1_howmanynightsusescreen +
                  Q17_stressedaboutschool +
                  cantsleepfeeling +
                  Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness +
                  behaviors +
                  Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome +
                  Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine +
                  Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance +
                  Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy +
                  Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep +
                  Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep +
                  Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality +
                  Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits +
                  Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep +
                  Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly +
                  Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed +
                  Q37_whatdoyouconsideragoodnightssleep +
                  Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites +
                  Q50_2_attractivness +
                  Q50_3_productivity +
                  Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals +
                  Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing +
                  Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships +
                  Q50_7_caringforchildren +
                  Q53_1_getoutsidefor10mininthemorning +
                  Q53_2_exerciseduringtheday +
                  Q53_3_doingabreathingexercisebeforesleep +
                  Q53_4_notusescreens +
                  Q53_5_listeningtoacalmingaudiobookorpodcast +
                  information,
                data=sleephygiene, test=TRUE, total=TRUE, 
                numeric.stats=c("medianq1q3"), numeric.test="kwt", cat.test="chisq")
summary(tab1, title='Table 2. Sleep questions', pfootnote=TRUE, digits = 2)

Table 2. Sleep questions

	Overall (N=51)
Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?
N-Miss	45
Rarely	0 (0.0%)
Sometimes	6 (100.0%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)
Always	0 (0.0%)
Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?
N-Miss	1
No	13 (26.0%)
Sometimes	14 (28.0%)
Yes	23 (46.0%)
Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
N-Miss	1
No	25 (50.0%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has improved	8 (16.0%)
Yes, I feel my sleep quality has worsened	17 (34.0%)
My bedtime routine includes:
N-Miss	1
Brushing teeth	14 (28.0%)
Phone usage	2 (4.0%)
Reading	1 (2.0%)
Washing my face	32 (64.0%)
Watching TV	1 (2.0%)
How many hours per day do you typically use a screen? (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television)
N-Miss	2
0	0 (0.0%)
1	0 (0.0%)
2	0 (0.0%)
3	0 (0.0%)
4	2 (4.1%)
5	1 (2.0%)
6	2 (4.1%)
7	1 (2.0%)
8	4 (8.2%)
9	3 (6.1%)
10	18 (36.7%)
11	1 (2.0%)
12	10 (20.4%)
13	1 (2.0%)
14	3 (6.1%)
15	1 (2.0%)
16	1 (2.0%)
17	1 (2.0%)
In the past week, how many nights did you use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) within 1 hour before bed?
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 7.00)
How stressed do you currently feel about school?
Median (Q1, Q3)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)
When you can’t sleep do you feel
N-Miss	1
Angry	1 (2.0%)
Frustrated	31 (62.0%)
Guilty	7 (14.0%)
None of the above	2 (4.0%)
Other	4 (8.0%)
Sad	1 (2.0%)
Stressed	4 (8.0%)
How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,)
N-Miss	13
Rarely	15 (39.5%)
Sometimes	21 (55.3%)
Very often	0 (0.0%)
Always	2 (5.3%)
Which of the following behaviors do you participate in?
N-Miss	2
Alcohol Consumption	28 (57.1%)
Cigarette smoking	1 (2.0%)
Daytime napping	1 (2.0%)
Exercise	14 (28.6%)
Social Media Use	5 (10.2%)
The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	3 (6.0%)
Somewhat disagree	5 (10.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	5 (10.0%)
Somewhat agree	22 (44.0%)
Strongly agree	15 (30.0%)
Getting a good night’s sleep is important to me.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	1 (2.0%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (4.0%)
Somewhat agree	8 (16.0%)
Strongly agree	39 (78.0%)
Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	4 (8.0%)
Somewhat disagree	9 (18.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	24 (48.0%)
Somewhat agree	10 (20.0%)
Strongly agree	3 (6.0%)
Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	2 (4.0%)
Somewhat disagree	3 (6.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	3 (6.0%)
Somewhat agree	24 (48.0%)
Strongly agree	18 (36.0%)
Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	2 (4.0%)
Somewhat agree	16 (32.0%)
Strongly agree	32 (64.0%)
I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	5 (10.0%)
Somewhat disagree	11 (22.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	5 (10.0%)
Somewhat agree	22 (44.0%)
Strongly agree	7 (14.0%)
I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	3 (6.0%)
Somewhat disagree	1 (2.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	11 (22.0%)
Somewhat agree	22 (44.0%)
Strongly agree	13 (26.0%)
I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	0 (0.0%)
Somewhat disagree	0 (0.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	3 (6.0%)
Somewhat agree	16 (32.0%)
Strongly agree	31 (62.0%)
I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.
N-Miss	1
Strongly disagree	3 (6.0%)
Somewhat disagree	4 (8.0%)
Neither agree nor disagree	17 (34.0%)
Somewhat agree	16 (32.0%)
Strongly agree	10 (20.0%)
I can maintain healthy sleep habits.
N-Miss	1
Not at all confident	3 (6.0%)
Slightly confident	5 (10.0%)
Somewhat confident	17 (34.0%)
Pretty confident	19 (38.0%)
Extremely confident	6 (12.0%)
I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.
N-Miss	1
Not at all confident	10 (20.0%)
Slightly confident	16 (32.0%)
Somewhat confident	8 (16.0%)
Pretty confident	11 (22.0%)
Extremely confident	5 (10.0%)
I can work out regularly.
N-Miss	1
Not at all confident	4 (8.0%)
Slightly confident	7 (14.0%)
Somewhat confident	16 (32.0%)
Pretty confident	10 (20.0%)
Extremely confident	13 (26.0%)
I can meditate before bed.
N-Miss	1
Not at all confident	10 (20.0%)
Slightly confident	11 (22.0%)
Somewhat confident	13 (26.0%)
Pretty confident	10 (20.0%)
Extremely confident	6 (12.0%)
What do you consider a good night’s sleep?
N-Miss	1
7 hours	6 (12.0%)
8 hours	35 (70.0%)
9 hours	8 (16.0%)
Less than or equal to 6 hours	1 (2.0%)
Energy for daily activities
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Attractiveness (to self & others)
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Productivity at work/school
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Mental and emotional wellbeing
Median (Q1, Q3)	5.00 (4.00, 5.00)
Fostering/maintaining relationships
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 4.75)
Caring for children
Median (Q1, Q3)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)
Get outside for 10 minutes in the morning.
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (2.00, 5.00)
Exercise during the day.
Median (Q1, Q3)	4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
Do a breathing exercise before you sleep.
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Not use screens (i.e. cell phone, tablet, computer, television) for 1 hour before bed
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 3.75)
Listen to a calming audiobook or podcast before bed
Median (Q1, Q3)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene?
N-Miss	2
Friends	2 (4.1%)
Health care professional	18 (36.7%)
News sources	2 (4.1%)
Other online source	6 (12.2%)
Social media	16 (32.7%)
University wellbeing resources	5 (10.2%)

attach(sleephygiene)

Fig 1

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q3_role), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() + 
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Role") +
  xlab("")

Fig 2

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q2_program), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What is your current program at Bloomberg?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 3

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q4_gender), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "What gender do you identify as?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 4

ggplot(student) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q37_employed), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Are you currently employed outside of your education program?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 5

ggplot(employed) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q38_wfh), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work from home?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 6

ggplot(notworkfromhome) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q39_dayornight), fill="navyblue") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you work day or night shifts?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 7

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q7_children), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=15)) +
  labs(title = "Are there children living in your household?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 8

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q8_diagnosis), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following sleep disorders?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 9

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q9_howoftensleepy), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you feel sleepy during the day?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 10

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q13_consistentwakeup), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=32)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent time you wake up on weekdays?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 11

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q15_consistentbedtimeonweekdays), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Do you have a consistent bedtime on weekdays?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 12

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q49_sleepqualitychangecovid), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Has your sleep quality changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic?") +
  xlab("")

Fig 13

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=bedtimeroutine), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "My bedtime routine includes") +
  xlab("")

Fig 14

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q17_stressedaboutschool), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How stressed do you currently feel about school?") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 15

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=cantsleepfeeling), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "When you can't sleep do you feel") +
  xlab("")

Fig 16

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q18_howoftenpracticemindfullness), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "How often do you practice mindfulness techniques? (i.e. breathing exercises, meditation, etc.,") +
  xlab("")

Fig 17

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=behaviors), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Which of the following behaviors do you participate in? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("")

Fig 18

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_1_thingsidointhelasthourbeforesleepaffectthequalityofmysleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "The things I do in the last hour before bed affect the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_2_gettingagoodnightssleepisimportantome), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Getting a good night's sleep is important to me.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_3_mostofmyfriendshaveahealthysleeproutine), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Most of my friends have a healthy sleep routine.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_4_lackofsleepaffectsmyacademicperformance), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Lack of sleep affects my academic performance.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_5_havingaregularsleeproutineimprovesmentalclariy), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Having a regular sleep routine improves mental clarity/sharpness.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_6_ifeelpositiveaboutthequalityofmysleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I feel positive about the quality of my sleep.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_7_ithinkcuttingoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleepleadstobettersleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think cutting out screen use 1 hour before bed leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_8_ithinkingworkingoutregularlyleadstobettersleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think working out regularly leads to better sleep.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q44_9_ithinkmeditatingbeforesleephelpsquality), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I think meditating before bed helps sleep quality.") +
  xlab("")

Fig 19

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("")

Fig 20

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_1_energyfordailyacitivites), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Energy for daily activities") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_2_attractivness), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Attractiveness (to self & others)") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_3_productivity), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Productivity at work/school") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_4_accomplishmentofotherdailygoals), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Accomplishment of other daily goals (e.g. exercise, cooking, paying bills, etc)") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_5_mentalandemotionalwellbeing), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Mental and emotional wellbeing") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_6_fosteringmaintaingrelationships), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Fostering/maintaining relationships") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 1 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q50_7_caringforchildren), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "Caring for children") +
  xlab("")

## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing non-finite values (stat_count).

Fig 21

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_1_icanmaintainhealthysleephabits), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can maintain healthy sleep habits.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_2_icancutoutscreenuseonehourbeforesleep), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can cut out screen use 1 hour before bed.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_3_icanworkoutregularly), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can work out regularly.") +
  xlab("")

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=Q59_4_icanmediatebeforebed), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=32), axis.text.x = element_text(size=18)) +
  labs(title = "I can meditate before bed.") +
  xlab("")

Fig 22

ggplot(sleephygiene) + 
  geom_bar(aes(x=information), fill="navyblue") +
  #coord_flip() +
  theme_test() +
  theme(text = element_text(size=20), axis.text.x = element_text(size=16)) +
  labs(title = "Where have you seen or received information about sleep quality or sleep hygiene? Check all that apply. ") +
  xlab("")